R is an open-source programming language and environment with powerful and extensive features for data analysis, data visualization, and statistical computing. Although R first appeared in the 1990s, ...

The reality we understand and interact with daily might, according to some scientists, be nothing more than an elaborate ...

The phrase "simulation modalities" may conjure up a variety of images. For example, some nursing staff development professionals think of a sophisticated training mannequin that produces ...

Many philosophers and scientists have pondered if we live in a simulated universe, and University of Portsmouth scientist ...

Co-workers do some armchair theorizing on statistics. By John Hodgman Joseph writes: A co-worker told me that there is a 50-50 chance we are living in a computer simulation. I agree, because ...

Continuing with the coal seam thickness example from the "Getting Started" section, this example asks a more complicated question. This question is economic in nature, and the (approximate) answer ...

R. S. MacLeod, J. G. Stinstra, S. Lew, R. T. Whitaker, D. J. Swenson, M. J. Cole, J. Krüger, D. H. Brooks and C. R. Johnson Philosophical Transactions: Mathematical ...