A nonlinear programming model is developed that has as the objective function (to be minimized) total cost of the development, manufacture, and launching of a launch vehicle. Constraints on physical ...

The optimisation of gas networks has emerged as a critical field in energy systems engineering, incorporating advanced nonlinear programming techniques to address the increasing complexity of gas ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract In constrained optimization problems the rates of change of the objective function with respect to the independent (nonbasic) variables have ...