Figure 1: Valence states of the triangular and tetrahedral elementary blocks. Note that the duet rule elucidated here is akin to the textbook octet rule, a well-known and the first chemical rule of ...

The chemical bond has just crossed a century. The ‘bond’ has been central to science, second only to atoms perhaps, both of which together make the physical world. In the past hundred years, the bond ...

Elements in group 1 and group 2 are metals. Atoms of group 1 elements have one electron in their outer shell, and atoms of group 2 elements have two electrons in their outer shell. Elements in groups ...

For the first time, scientists visualized how electrons behave during a chemical reaction, which could help reduce unwanted ...