Scientists have developed a novel concept of a nose-to-brain system for the clinical application of neuropeptides. They developed a derivative of glucagon-like peptide-2 and found that when ...

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a facial pain condition affecting the trigeminal nerve. It causes brief but recurrent attacks of stabbing or electrical shock sensations. It can be a symptom of multiple ...

Mapping the localization of the functional brain regions in trigeminal neuralgia (TN) patients is still lacking. The study aimed to explore the functional brain alterations and influencing factors in ...

Microvascular compression of the trigeminal root entry zone (TREZ) is the main cause of most primary trigeminal neuralgia (TN), change of glial plasticity was previously studied in the TREZ of TN rat ...

Though Botox is not yet approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for trigeminal neuralgia (TN), doctors sometimes use Botox injections “off-label” as a treatment option for TN. Botox is ...

Intranasal (in.) administration has been garnering increasing popularity as a non-invasive approach to deliver drugs directly to the brain. This approach involves the respiratory or olfactory ...