The idea that protons and neutrons were composed of even smaller particles, with non-integral electric charges, was proposed in 1963/64 by Andre Petermann, George Zweig and Murray Gell-Mann, who ...

Pentaquarks do not fit into the traditional quark model of hadrons, but understanding these exotic new particles is offering fresh insights into the subtleties of the strong interaction Five quarks In ...

(Phys.org) —While scientists have become increasingly convinced that the Standard Model of particle physics is incomplete, it's still unclear exactly how the Standard Model needs to be extended.

Newly discovered particles have incited a fierce debate among experts about the correct picture of matter at the quantum scale. In August 2003, an experiment at the KEKB particle accelerator in Japan ...

Physicists at the Belle experiment at the KEK laboratory in Japan have discovered a new particle that provides the best evidence yet that some mesons contain four quarks rather than the usual two.

Since the spectacular discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012, physicists at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the gigantic particle accelerator outside Geneva, have suffered a bit of a drought when it ...

From reproductive rights to climate change to Big Tech, The Independent is on the ground when the story is developing. Whether it's investigating the financials of Elon Musk's pro-Trump PAC or ...