Another important op amp application is buffering DAC outputs. Modern IC DACs provide either voltage or current outputs. Figure 3-51 shows three fundamental configurations, all with the objective of ...

Author Mazi Hosseini describes a simple, low-cost, voltage-controlled current source using two op amps that provides a good range of current and maximum load. One challenge in circuit design is ...

Communications channels used to be a challenging exercise in pure analog design. Today, modulation occurs in the digital domain in many systems. But the transmitted signal is analog, so there’s always ...

It might seem odd to include a section on voltage references in a book devoted primarily to op amp applications, but the relevance will shortly become obvious. Unfortunately, there is little ...