After decades of molecular phylogenetic studies, the deep phylogeny of gymnosperms has not been resolved, and the phylogenetic placement of Gnetales remains one of the most controversial issues in ...

Insect pollination is a decisive process for the survival and evolution of angiosperm (flowering) plants and, to a lesser extent, gymnosperms (without visible flower or fruit). There is a growing ...

The origin of flowering plants, or angiosperms, stands as one of evolutionary biology's great enigmas. Scientists know that they diverged from the seed-bearing plants, or gymnosperms, at least 150 ...

EVEN in these days of specialisation, no real botanist dismisses the Gymnosperms from his field of study. They still possess an inherent interest, although for a hundred years they have been classic ...

Trees and shrubs are divided into two groups based on whether or not they possess complete flowers and fruit (angiosperms) or have naked seeds that are encased in a woody cone (gymnosperms.) ...

Self-incompatibility is viewed as a mechanism by which the female can evaluate the quality of the male gametophyte. This does not preclude its function as an outbreeding mechanism, but rather expands ...

For many years, Charles Darwin was haunted by flowers. In 1859, the naturalist published his most famous work, On the Origin of Species, the book that is generally regarded as the foundation of ...

The discovery of a beetle and pollen in 105-million-year-old Spanish amber is proof of a new insect pollination mode that dates to the mid-Mesozoic, before the rise of flowering plants. The study ...

Named for Charles Darwin, the only known specimen of a newly discovered beetle, Darwinylus marcosi, died in a sticky gob of tree sap some 105 million years ago in what is now northern Spain. As it ...