Imaginary numbers may seem abstract or even whimsical at first, but they are far from being mere mathematical curiosities. In fact, they are a natural extension of our number system, leading to a ...

William Ross does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their ...

Now, on to the subject of complex numbers. We have stayed away from this subject until now simply because we did not want to confuse things. Initially, it is easy to think of signals as “real valued.” ...

This course will introduce you to the theory of functions of complex variables, which is a core area of mathematics. It is a basic tool in many mathematical theories. We will cover complex numbers and ...

In this paper, I present the case of the discovery of complex numbers by Girolamo Cardano. Cardano acquires the concepts of (specific) complex numbers, complex addition, and complex multiplication.

In spite of their name, “imaginary” numbers are as real as any other numbers, especially when it comes to hunting for lost treasure. For our first Insights puzzle of 2019, let’s go on a treasure hunt.