Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD +) is a critical coenzyme within all living cells regulating cellular bioenergetics, DNA repair, senescence, cell signalling, and mitochondrial homeostasis. NAD ...

The proper surgical techniques represent a key opportunity to improve the welfare of laboratory rodents, while meeting legal and ethical obligations. Use of inappropriate or poor surgical technique ...

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has revolutionized neuroscience by opening a unique window that allows neurocircuitry function and pathological alterations to be probed non-invasively ...

Today, anesthesia enables completely painless surgical procedures. It is already known from electroencephalography (EEG) studies on patients that during anesthesia the brain enters a deep sleep-like ...

Researchers have used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study the precise spatial distribution of synchronously working brain regions in anesthetized humans, long-tailed macaques, common ...