Patients younger than 60 years with patent foramen ovale (PFO)-related stroke who have both an atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) and a large shunt benefit stand to benefit more from PFO closure than those ...

After surgical correction of such an anatomic shunt a very large rise in P ao2 may be expected (Point E to Point F) unless the P Ao2 is lowered by reduction in either the tank pressure or the ...

Although only anatomic factors were supposed to be considered in the choice between the 2 procedures, there may have been some unconscious bias toward performing an end-to-side shunt in patients ...